Glycolic Acid
ExfoliantAlso known as: AHA, Alpha Hydroxy Acid
The smallest AHA molecule, allowing deeper penetration. Glycolic acid exfoliates the skin surface by dissolving the bonds between dead skin cells.
Routine placement
Treatment · PM
Time to results
2-4 weeks for smoother texture; 6-12 weeks for hyperpigmentation
Exfoliates dead skin cells, improves skin texture, reduces hyperpigmentation, stimulates collagen, brightens dull skin.
Start with low concentrations (5-8%) 2-3 times per week. Increase gradually. Use in evening routine. Always use sunscreen during the day.
Beginner
5-7%
Intermediate
10%
Advanced
20-30% (professional peel)
Extensive evidence for improving photodamaged skin, hyperpigmentation, and acne. Higher concentrations (20-70%) used in professional chemical peels.
Key Studies
Glycolic acid peels in dermatology (2009)
Dermatologic Surgery
Glycolic acid is the smallest AHA, penetrating skin most effectively. At 5-10% daily use, it increases cell turnover and stimulates collagen synthesis.
Alpha-hydroxy acids in anti-aging (2015)
Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
Regular use of 10% glycolic acid significantly improved fine lines, skin roughness, and mottled pigmentation over 22 weeks.
Glycolic acid chemical peels (2014)
Dermatologic Clinics
Professional glycolic acid peels at 20-70% improve photodamage, acne scarring, and melasma with predictable recovery times.
- very sensitive skin
- rosacea
- active sunburn
Cautions
Can cause irritation, stinging, and sun sensitivity. Not recommended for very sensitive or rosacea-prone skin. Avoid mixing with retinoids initially.
Can I use glycolic acid every day?
Start with 2-3 times per week. At 5-7%, daily use is tolerable for most. Higher concentrations (10%+) should remain at 2-3x/week to avoid over-exfoliation.
Glycolic acid vs salicylic acid?
Glycolic acid (AHA) is water-soluble and works on the skin surface — best for texture, dullness, and fine lines. Salicylic acid (BHA) is oil-soluble and penetrates pores — best for acne and oily skin.
Can I use glycolic acid with retinol?
Use caution. Both exfoliate and can damage the barrier together. Alternate nights (glycolic one night, retinol the next) rather than layering.
Does glycolic acid make skin more sensitive to sun?
Yes. AHAs increase photosensitivity. Always use SPF 30+ the morning after using glycolic acid.
Does your skincare contain Glycolic Acid?
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Related to Glycolic Acid
An oil-soluble beta hydroxy acid that penetrates into pores to dissolve excess sebum and dead skin cells. The go-to ingredient for acne-prone and oily skin.
A gentle alpha hydroxy acid derived from milk. Larger molecular size than glycolic acid means slower, more gentle penetration. Also has humectant properties.
An alpha hydroxy acid derived from bitter almonds with a large molecular size, making it one of the gentlest AHAs available.
A naturally occurring alpha hydroxy acid found in citrus fruits. Used primarily as a pH adjuster in skincare, with mild exfoliating properties at lower pH.
A combination of salicylic acid and phytosphingosine (a ceramide precursor). Provides gentle exfoliation while supporting barrier repair.