Polyglutamic Acid

A versatile form of Vitamin B3 that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces pore appearance, controls oil production, and addresses multiple skin concerns.

A gentle alpha hydroxy acid derived from milk. Larger molecular size than glycolic acid means slower, more gentle penetration. Also has humectant properties.

The provitamin form of Vitamin B5 that deeply hydrates and helps repair the skin barrier. Converts to pantothenic acid in the skin.

The acid form of panthenol (provitamin B5). Supports skin barrier function, wound healing, and hydration.

Copper peptides, most commonly represented by the tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu, are small protein fragments bound to copper ions that occur naturally in human plasma, saliva, and urine. GHK-Cu plays a fundamental role in tissue remodeling by stimulating the synthesis of collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, and other components of the extracellular matrix. In dermatology, copper peptides have attracted significant attention for their dual capacity to promote wound healing while simultaneously reducing the appearance of aging skin. The copper ion serves as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase, the enzyme responsible for cross-linking collagen and elastin fibers, while the GHK peptide sequence itself modulates gene expression related to tissue repair and anti-inflammatory pathways.