Ferulic Acid

An extract from the yuzu citrus fruit, popular in J-beauty. Rich in vitamin C, hesperidin, and limonene.

A fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. Works synergistically with Vitamin C for enhanced photoprotection.

A stimulant compound commonly used in eye creams and body products for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and provide antioxidant protection.

Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) is a stable, water-soluble derivative of L-ascorbic acid in which the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position is esterified with a phosphate group and complexed with magnesium. This molecular modification dramatically improves the oxidative stability of the vitamin C molecule while preserving its biological activity upon enzymatic conversion in the skin. MAP is cleaved by phosphatases in the epidermis to release free ascorbic acid, which then participates in collagen synthesis, melanin inhibition, and antioxidant defense. Like sodium ascorbyl phosphate, MAP operates effectively at a neutral to slightly alkaline pH, making it an excellent choice for individuals who cannot tolerate the low-pH formulations required by pure L-ascorbic acid. MAP has also demonstrated a notable hydrating effect, distinguishing it from other vitamin C derivatives that can cause dryness.

Pomegranate extract is derived from the fruit, peel, and seeds of Punica granatum, a plant with a long history of medicinal use across multiple traditional medicine systems. The extract is exceptionally rich in ellagitannins (particularly punicalagin), ellagic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and punicic acid, a conjugated linolenic acid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In skincare, pomegranate extract provides multi-pathway antioxidant protection that addresses both lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Its polyphenols have been shown to inhibit UVB-induced MMP-1 expression, protecting dermal collagen from photodegradation. Punicalagin, the predominant ellagitannin in pomegranate, is one of the highest molecular weight polyphenols found in nature and is hydrolyzed in the skin to release ellagic acid, which further contributes to tyrosinase inhibition and anti-melanogenic activity.