Aqua

Secretion from Cryptomphalus aspersa snails, rich in glycoproteins, hyaluronic acid, glycolic acid, and antimicrobial peptides.

Sodium PCA (sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, also known as sodium pidolate) is the sodium salt of pyroglutamic acid, a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that constitutes approximately 12% of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in human stratum corneum. NMF is the collection of water-soluble, hygroscopic molecules produced during the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes from the degradation of the protein filaggrin. As the single largest component of NMF, PCA plays a critical role in maintaining stratum corneum hydration, plasticity, and barrier function. Sodium PCA is a remarkably efficient humectant, capable of absorbing moisture from the atmosphere at humidity levels as low as 50%. Its hygroscopic capacity exceeds that of glycerin, propylene glycol, and sorbitol under equivalent conditions. In cosmetic formulations, sodium PCA helps replicate the natural hydration mechanisms of healthy skin, making it particularly valuable for dehydrated, dry, and mature skin types where NMF levels are typically diminished.

A yeast ferment filtrate popularized by SK-II. Rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and organic acids that improve skin clarity and hydration.

A ferment from baker's yeast rich in beta-glucans, amino acids, and B vitamins. Supports skin barrier and provides multiple skin benefits.

An extract from bamboo rich in silica, amino acids, and flavonoids. Used for hydration and as a natural source of silica.